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A ceramic bulletproof laminate is a hard panel of composite bulletproof device whose main role is to prevent projectile bodies and absorb their energy. Quality of bulletproof laminates is closely related to the bulletproof performance of device, weight per unit area and cost, and different bulletproof devices require different bulletproof laminates. Common materials for ceramic bulletproof laminates are alumina, silicon carbide, boron carbide and silicon nitride etc, and the most widely used currently is silicon carbide and boron carbide. For physical protection, helmets and bulletproof vests are commonly seen. Helmets can be made into integrate ones or split-joint ones with the former having better performance. In order to reduce helmet weight, boron carbide ceramic is often used as helmet material for one-time sintering helmet products after overall molding. Due to its complex shape, the sintering method used can be only pressureless sintering or hot isostatic pressure sintering. Pressureless sintering has low sintering cost and good performance, and its sintering density has been close to theoretical density because of progress of sintering techniques. Hot isostatic pressure sintering has good performance nearly as that of hot-pressing; whereas due to high sintering expense, long production cycle and complex equipment maintenance and operation, it is not suitable for mass production and is generally used for small batches of products with high requirements on performance. Bulletproof vest for physical protection is also a composite bulletproof device, and it is composed of hard panels and soft fiber backplane. Similar to helmets, weight, cost and bulletproof performance are major factors for consideration. From the perspective of bulletproof performance silicon carbide should be preferably selected, because under the |
conditions of the same surface density, comparing the defense capacity against cemented-carbide projectile core, pressureless sintered silicon carbide ceramic is far better than that of pressureless sintered boron carbide. But for the defense against steel-core bullets, boron carbide has better performance than silicon carbide. During production with pressureless sintering method, both boron carbide and silicon carbide ceramics can be mass-produced; because boron carbide needs higher cost than silicon carbide in raw material, it has higher overall cost than silicon carbide, but the integrate weight of bulletproof vests made of boron carbide ceramic is lower than that of silicon carbide ceramic. For protection of vehicles and ships, protection of vehicles is mainly first protection, i.e, protection from direct breakthrough; protection of ships is mainly secondary protection, i.e, protection from ejection damage of shrapnel or projectile bodies in hull or deck. For small ships, first protection is also used for control cabin or ship sides and other important parts. Comparing to physical protection, protection of vehicles and ships needs more consideration about cost, and silicon carbide ceramic is preferred as it has better defense capacity against cemented-carbide projectile core. Generally large armored vehicles or ships commonly use 12.5mm projectiles most of which are armor-piercing projectiles whose cores are usually cemented-carbide. The advantage of silicon carbide is relatively low price. We use pressureless sintering method to manufacture boron carbide and silicon carbide ceramic products with performance close to that of hot-pressing sintered products as well as features of low cost, large batch and stable performance. These are the best choice for advanced bulletproof vest panel material in mass production. |
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